Ideal

• Back of hand is in sagittal plane
• If hand was holding a stick, the stick would point straight forward

You See

• Too much of back of hand is visible – arm is medially rotated and/or forearm is pronated
• Too much of palm of hand is visible – arm is laterally rotated and/or forearm is supinated

Likely Cause

Too much of back of the hand visible

• Arm is medially rotated and/or forearm is pronated
• Short arm medial rotators and/or long arm lateral rotators
• Short pectoralis minor (indirectly through scapula) and/or long scapular retractors
• Short forearm pronators (and/or long forearm supinators)

Too much of palm of hand is visible

• Arm is laterally rotated and/or forearm is supinated
• Short arm lateral rotators and/or long arm medial rotators
• Short scapular retractors and/or long scapular protractors
• Short forearm supinators (and/or long forearm pronators)